⚡ Backend Frameworks in Estonia

Next.js

A React framework for building full-stack web applications that offers server-side rendering, static site generation, file-based routing, and built-in API routes.

Laravel

An open-source PHP backend framework that provides all features needed to build modern web applications such as routing, input validation, caching, queues, and file storage.

A server-side web application framework that runs on the .NET platform and enables developers to build dynamic websites and APIs using languages like C#.

Nuxt

An open-source framework based on Vue.js that enables developers to build full-stack web applications and websites using conventions like file-based routing, automatic component imports, and type-safe support out of the box.

Ruby on Rails

A full-stack framework that includes everything needed to build database-driven web applications using the Model-View-Controller pattern.

Express

A minimal and flexible Node.js web framework that lets developers build web apps and APIs using routing, middleware, template engines, and support for serving static assets.

Jakarta Server Pages

A technology that enables developers to create dynamic web content using XML markup, custom tags, expression language, and Java.

Java Portlet

Java Portlets are pluggable user interface software components that are managed and displayed in a web portal.

An open-source, object-oriented, component-based MVC PHP web application framework.

An open-source, cross-platform web framework and the successor to ASP.NET that enables development of web apps and APIs using .NET on Windows, macOS, or Linux.

Apache Sling

An open-source web framework that uses a Java Content Repository, such as Apache Jackrabbit, to store and manage content.

An open-source PHP full-stack web framework with small footprint, high performance, and minimal configuration setup.

A high-level Python web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design while following the Model-View-Template architectural pattern and the "don't repeat yourself" principle.

Livewire

A full-stack framework for Laravel that allows developers to build dynamic user interface components using PHP and Blade templates without writing front-end JavaScript.

Symfony

An open-source PHP web application framework and a set of reusable components designed to speed up the development and maintenance of web applications using best practices and high modularity.

Inertia.js

A toolkit for building single-page applications with React, Vue, or Svelte while keeping classic server-side routing and controllers.

Jakarta Servlet

Enables developers to write web UIs using pure Java.

Struts

An open-source MVC framework for creating modern Java web applications.

Spring

A Java framework for building enterprise-grade applications.

SvelteKit

A framework for rapidly developing robust, performant web applications using Svelte.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

A lightweight framework for building web applications in Python.

Remix

A full-stack React-based web framework that delivers server-rendered pages with nested routing and progressive enhancement.

Apache Cocoon

An open-source Java web application framework built around XML processing and retired in January 2025.

An open-source full-stack JavaScript framework based on Node.js that enables building real-time applications across web, mobile, and desktop platforms.