⚡ Java Backend Frameworks

Java backend frameworks are built with the Java programming language and are commonly used for developing large-scale and enterprise-grade server-side applications.

They typically emphasize strong typing, modular architectures, high performance, advanced security models, and deep integration with enterprise systems, middleware, and long-running service environments.

⭐ Most Popular in 2026

The following chart shows the leading Java-based backend frameworks in 2026, based on market share.

The most popular is Jakarta Servlet with a share of 2%, followed by Jakarta Server Pages with 1.5% and Apache Sling with 1.5%.

Jakarta Servlet 2%
Jakarta Server Pages 1.5%
Apache Sling 1.5%
Struts 0.7%
Java Portlet 0.5%
Spring 0.3%
Play Framework 0.2%
Apache Wicket 0.05%
Grails 0.03%
Vaadin 0.01%
Apache Cocoon 0.006%
ZK Framework 0.005%
Ninja Framework 0.004%

🚀 Country Highlights

Here is a list of frameworks that are especially popular in certain countries.
Differences between global and country rankings are shown in parentheses.

Struts is #1 in Korea ^(-15)
Jakarta Server Pages is #2 in China ^(-10)
Java Portlet is #5 in Spain ^(-13)
Jakarta Servlet is #6 in the United States ^(-5)
Apache Sling is #8 in Germany ^(-5)

✨ Best Java Backend Frameworks

Below is a more detailed list of 13 Java-based backend frameworks we track, ranked by their market share.

Available filters: PHP Python Java .NET Node.js Ruby Go

Rank	Name	Market share
1	Jakarta Servlet Brussels, Belgium Enables developers to write web UIs using pure Java. FreeOpen source	2%
2	Jakarta Server Pages Brussels, Belgium A technology that enables developers to create dynamic web content using XML markup, custom tags, expression language, and Java. FreeOpen source	1.5%
3	Apache Sling Wilmington, Delaware, United States An open-source web framework that uses a Java Content Repository, such as Apache Jackrabbit, to store and manage content. FreeOpen source	1.5%
4	Struts Wilmington, Delaware, United States An open-source MVC framework for creating modern Java web applications. FreeOpen source	0.7%
5	Java Portlet Java Portlets are pluggable user interface software components that are managed and displayed in a web portal.	0.5%
6	Spring Palo Alto, United States A Java framework for building enterprise-grade applications. FreeOpen source	0.3%
7	Play Framework A community-maintained, high-velocity web framework for Java and Scala. FreeOpen source	0.2%
8	Apache Wicket Wilmington, Delaware, United States A component-oriented backend framework for Java that enables developers to build dynamic web applications using pure Java and HTML. FreeOpen source	0.05%
9	Grails A Groovy-based web application framework for the JVM built on top of Spring Boot. FreeOpen source	0.03%
10	Vaadin Turku, Finland A full-stack platform for building responsive, modern web applications in Java, featuring a library of UI components and powerful development tools. FreeOpen source$9+/developer/month	0.01%
11	Apache Cocoon Wilmington, Delaware, United States An open-source Java web application framework built around XML processing and retired in January 2025. FreeOpen sourceLegacy	0.006%
12	ZK Framework Taipei, Taiwan An open-source Java framework for building enterprise web and mobile applications. FreeOpen source$999+/developer/year	0.005%
13	Ninja Framework A full-stack web framework for Java designed for rapid development and scalability. FreeOpen source	0.004%

👉 See Also

✨ Related Technologies
- Java
🔗 Links
- ⚡Java Frontend Frameworks

Data is based on the analysis of 3,320,618 websites.
Statistics were last calculated on March 21, 2026.
For details, see our methodology and disclaimer.