GraphQL

A data query and manipulation language for APIs typically used for remote client-server communications.

OpenAPI

A specification language for defining HTTP APIs, typically written in YAML or JSON.

RelMeAuth

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

A backward-compatible CSS language extension inspired by Sass that supports variables, mixins, operations, and functions.

Sitemap

A specialized XML file that lists a website's URLs and helps search engines discover pages available for crawling and indexing.

Text

The plain text document format.

XML

A markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing structured data in a platform-independent way.

IDN

Internationalized Domain Names allow people around the world to use domain names in local languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Cyrillic.

Markdown

A lightweight markup language used to add formatting to plain text documents using simple, human-readable syntax.

Sass

A stylesheet language that compiles to CSS and allows developers to use variables, nested rules, mixins, and functions.

LLMs.txt

A proposed standard that provides structured content and instructions to guide large language models in understanding and summarizing a website's content.

Humans.txt

A plain text file that allows website creators to identify and credit the people involved in developing a website.

Prerender

A deprecated browser hint that instructed web browsers to preload and render a web page in the background before navigation occurred.

WebAssembly

A portable binary instruction format that runs in modern web browsers with near-native performance, enabling frontend coding in languages that were not traditionally used for web interfaces, such as C/C++, C#, and Rust.

WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are an international standard developed by the W3C that defines how to make web content, including text and media, accessible to people with disabilities.

Webmention

A simple protocol to notify any URL when a website links to it, and for web pages to request notifications when somebody links to them.

ESI

A simple markup language used to define web page components for dynamic assembly and delivery of web applications at the edge of the internet.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

XMP

An ISO standard for creating, processing, and exchanging metadata for digital documents.

ActivityPub

A decentralized social networking protocol used by various Fediverse services such as Mastodon, Pixelfed, and PeerTube.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

Onion

Sites are websites that use the .onion top-level domain and are only accessible through Tor, a decentralized anonymity network that relays traffic to hide the IP addresses of both visitors and hosts.