XML

A markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing structured data in a platform-independent way.

CGI

An interface specification that enables web servers to execute an external program to process HTTP requests.

IAB TCF

An open-source industry standard developed by IAB Europe that helps companies comply with GDPR and ePrivacy requirements when processing personal data in digital advertising ecosystems.

GraphQL

A data query and manipulation language for APIs typically used for remote client-server communications.

Trace Context

Defines standard HTTP headers and a value format for propagating context information that enables distributed tracing.

A set of criteria defined by the independent Acceptable Ads Committee that allows publishers to reach ad-blocking users with respectful, non-intrusive and relevant ads.

Text

The plain text document format.

LLMs.txt

A proposed standard that provides structured content and instructions to guide large language models in understanding and summarizing a website's content.

Sitemap

A specialized XML file that lists a website's URLs and helps search engines discover pages available for crawling and indexing.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

RelMeAuth

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

Humans.txt

A plain text file that allows website creators to identify and credit the people involved in developing a website.

XMP

An ISO standard for creating, processing, and exchanging metadata for digital documents.

XRDS

An XML-based file format that provides a list of service endpoints (e.g., OpenID) available on a website.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

Prerender

A deprecated browser hint that instructed web browsers to preload and render a web page in the background before navigation occurred.

WebAssembly

A portable binary instruction format that runs in modern web browsers with near-native performance, enabling frontend coding in languages that were not traditionally used for web interfaces, such as C/C++, C#, and Rust.

OpenTelemetry

An open-source, vendor-neutral observability framework and toolkit for collecting, processing, and exporting telemetry data such as traces, metrics, and logs.

OpenAPI

A specification language for defining HTTP APIs, typically written in YAML or JSON.