IDN

Internationalized Domain Names allow people around the world to use domain names in local languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Cyrillic.

LLMs.txt

A proposed standard that provides structured content and instructions to guide large language models in understanding and summarizing a website's content.

OpenSearch

A specification that describes a website's search engine, enabling browsers, apps, and services to discover and integrate it.

GraphQL

A data query and manipulation language for APIs typically used for remote client-server communications.

A backward-compatible CSS language extension inspired by Sass that supports variables, mixins, operations, and functions.

OpenID

A decentralized authentication protocol based on OAuth 2.0 that enables applications to verify a user's identity through an external identity provider instead of managing credentials directly.

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

Prerender

The rel="prerender" attribute on HTML elements.

RDF

A W3C standard model to describe and exchange graph data on the web.

XRDS

An XML-based file format that provides a list of service endpoints (e.g., OpenID) available on a website.

Humans.txt

A text file that can be created by developers to list the people who have contributed to a website.

WebAssembly

A portable binary code format that can be run in modern web browsers with near-native performance.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

OpenAPI

A specification language for defining HTTP APIs, typically written in YAML or JSON.

ActivityPub

A decentralized social networking protocol used by various fediverse services such as Mastodon, Pixelfed, and PeerTube.

FOAF

A machine-readable ontology describing persons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects.

WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are a set of recommendations for making web content more accessible, developed by W3C.

Webmention

A simple protocol to notify any URL when a website links to it, and for web pages to request notifications when somebody links to them.

A non-proprietary protocol for encrypting email using public key cryptography.

Onion

Sites are websites on the dark web that use the .onion top-level domain and are only accessible through online routing through Tor.

OpenTelemetry

A vendor- and tool-agnostic observability framework and toolkit for creating and managing telemetry data such as traces, metrics, and logs.

XMP

An ISO standard for creating, processing, and exchanging metadata for digital documents.

ESI

A simple markup language used to define web page components for dynamic assembly and delivery of web applications at the edge of the Internet.

AdChoices

A self-regulatory standard for online interest-based advertising that gives consumers enhanced control over the collection and use of their data to deliver relevant ads.