Text

The plain text document format.

A set of criteria defined by the independent Acceptable Ads Committee that allows publishers to reach ad-blocking users with respectful, non-intrusive and relevant ads.

GraphQL

A data query and manipulation language for APIs typically used for remote client-server communications.

OpenID

A decentralized authentication protocol based on OAuth 2.0 that enables applications to verify a user's identity through an external identity provider instead of managing credentials directly.

IDN

Internationalized Domain Names allow people around the world to use domain names in local languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Cyrillic.

OpenSearch

A specification that describes a website's search engine, enabling browsers, apps, and services to discover and integrate it.

A backward-compatible CSS language extension inspired by Sass that supports variables, mixins, operations, and functions.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

RelMeAuth

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

Prerender

A deprecated browser hint that instructed web browsers to preload and render a web page in the background before navigation occurred.

XRDS

An XML-based file format that provides a list of service endpoints (e.g., OpenID) available on a website.

WebAssembly

A portable binary instruction format that runs in modern web browsers with near-native performance, enabling frontend coding in languages that were not traditionally used for web interfaces, such as C/C++, C#, and Rust.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

ActivityPub

A decentralized social networking protocol used by various Fediverse services such as Mastodon, Pixelfed, and PeerTube.

Humans.txt

A plain text file that allows website creators to identify and credit the people involved in developing a website.

FOAF

A machine-readable ontology describing persons, their activities and their relations to other people and objects.

OpenAPI

A specification language for defining HTTP APIs, typically written in YAML or JSON.

Webmention

A simple protocol to notify any URL when a website links to it, and for web pages to request notifications when somebody links to them.

WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are an international standard developed by the W3C that defines how to make web content, including text and media, accessible to people with disabilities.

A non-proprietary protocol for encrypting email using public key cryptography.

OpenTelemetry

An open-source, vendor-neutral observability framework and toolkit for collecting, processing, and exporting telemetry data such as traces, metrics, and logs.

Onion

Sites are websites on the dark web that use the .onion top-level domain and are only accessible through online routing through Tor.

ESI

A simple markup language used to define web page components for dynamic assembly and delivery of web applications at the edge of the Internet.

AdChoices

A self-regulatory standard for online interest-based advertising that gives consumers enhanced control over the collection and use of their data to deliver relevant ads.

A peer-to-peer protocol for storing and accessing files and websites in a decentralized file system.