Text

The plain text document format.

OpenID

A decentralized authentication protocol based on OAuth 2.0 that enables applications to verify a user's identity through an external identity provider instead of managing credentials directly.

CGI

An interface specification that enables web servers to execute an external program to process HTTP requests.

Sitemap

A specialized XML file that lists a website's URLs and helps search engines discover pages available for crawling and indexing.

Sass

A stylesheet language that compiles to CSS and allows developers to use variables, nested rules, mixins, and functions.

Markdown

A lightweight markup language used to add formatting to plain text documents using simple, human-readable syntax.

RelMeAuth

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

XML

A markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing structured data in a platform-independent way.

WebAssembly

A portable binary instruction format that runs in modern web browsers with near-native performance, enabling frontend coding in languages that were not traditionally used for web interfaces, such as C/C++, C#, and Rust.

Prerender

A deprecated browser hint that instructed web browsers to preload and render a web page in the background before navigation occurred.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

LLMs.txt

A proposed standard that provides structured content and instructions to guide large language models in understanding and summarizing a website's content.

OpenTelemetry

An open-source, vendor-neutral observability framework and toolkit for collecting, processing, and exporting telemetry data such as traces, metrics, and logs.

Webmention

A simple protocol to notify any URL when a website links to it, and for web pages to request notifications when somebody links to them.

IDN

Internationalized Domain Names allow people around the world to use domain names in local languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Cyrillic.

ActivityPub

A decentralized social networking protocol used by various Fediverse services such as Mastodon, Pixelfed, and PeerTube.

Onion

Sites are websites on the dark web that use the .onion top-level domain and are only accessible through online routing through Tor.

ESI

A simple markup language used to define web page components for dynamic assembly and delivery of web applications at the edge of the Internet.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

A non-proprietary protocol for encrypting email using public key cryptography.

XMP

An ISO standard for creating, processing, and exchanging metadata for digital documents.

IndieAuth

A decentralized identity protocol built on top of OAuth 2.0.

A peer-to-peer protocol for storing and accessing files and websites in a decentralized file system.

XRDS

An XML-based file format that provides a list of service endpoints (e.g., OpenID) available on a website.

Micropub

An HTTP-based client-server protocol used to create, update, and delete posts on servers using third-party clients.