Text

The plain text document format.

XML

A markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing arbitrary data.

OpenAPI

A specification language for defining HTTP APIs, typically written in YAML or JSON.

RDF

A W3C standard model to describe and exchange graph data on the web.

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

Humans.txt

A text file that can be created by developers to list the people who have contributed to a website.

Markdown

A markup language used to add formatting to plain text documents.

CGI

An interface specification that enables web servers to execute an external program to process HTTP requests.

WebAssembly

A portable binary code format that can be run in modern web browsers with near-native performance.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

Prerender

The rel="prerender" attribute on HTML elements.

LLMs.txt

A proposed standard that provides structured content and instructions to guide large language models in understanding and summarizing a website's content.

IDN

Internationalized Domain Names allow people around the world to use domain names in local languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Cyrillic.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

Webmention

A simple protocol to notify any URL when a website links to it, and for web pages to request notifications when somebody links to them.

XRDS

An XML-based file format that provides a list of service endpoints (e.g., OpenID) available on a website.

WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are a set of recommendations for making web content more accessible, developed by W3C.

XMP

An ISO standard for creating, processing, and exchanging metadata for digital documents.

OpenTelemetry

A vendor- and tool-agnostic observability framework and toolkit for creating and managing telemetry data such as traces, metrics, and logs.

ActivityPub

A decentralized social networking protocol used by various fediverse services such as Mastodon, Pixelfed, and PeerTube.

ESI

A simple markup language used to define web page components for dynamic assembly and delivery of web applications at the edge of the Internet.

A non-proprietary protocol for encrypting email using public key cryptography.

Onion

Sites are websites on the dark web that use the .onion top-level domain and are only accessible through online routing through Tor.

AdChoices

A self-regulatory standard for online interest-based advertising that gives consumers enhanced control over the collection and use of their data to deliver relevant ads.