GraphQL

A data query and manipulation language for APIs typically used for remote client-server communications.

Sitemap

A specialized XML file that lists a website's URLs and helps search engines discover pages available for crawling and indexing.

Markdown

A lightweight markup language used to add formatting to plain text documents using simple, human-readable syntax.

A set of criteria defined by the independent Acceptable Ads Committee that allows publishers to reach ad-blocking users with respectful, non-intrusive and relevant ads.

Text

The plain text document format.

XML

A markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing structured data in a platform-independent way.

Humans.txt

A plain text file that allows website creators to identify and credit the people involved in developing a website.

RelMeAuth

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

Prerender

A deprecated browser hint that instructed web browsers to preload and render a web page in the background before navigation occurred.

WebAssembly

A portable binary instruction format that runs in modern web browsers with near-native performance, enabling frontend coding in languages that were not traditionally used for web interfaces, such as C/C++, C#, and Rust.

Webmention

A simple protocol to notify any URL when a website links to it, and for web pages to request notifications when somebody links to them.

IDN

Internationalized Domain Names allow people around the world to use domain names in local languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, or Cyrillic.

LLMs.txt

A proposed standard that provides structured content and instructions to guide large language models in understanding and summarizing a website's content.

OpenTelemetry

An open-source, vendor-neutral observability framework and toolkit for collecting, processing, and exporting telemetry data such as traces, metrics, and logs.

Onion

Sites are websites on the dark web that use the .onion top-level domain and are only accessible through online routing through Tor.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

XSLT

A language designed for transforming XML documents into other documents.