OpenID

A decentralized authentication protocol based on OAuth 2.0 that enables applications to verify a user's identity through an external identity provider instead of managing credentials directly.

GraphQL

A data query and manipulation language for APIs typically used for remote client-server communications.

JSON Web Token

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

XML

A markup language and file format for storing, transmitting, and reconstructing structured data in a platform-independent way.

Markdown

A lightweight markup language used to add formatting to plain text documents using simple, human-readable syntax.

Text

The plain text document format.

CGI

An interface specification that enables web servers to execute an external program to process HTTP requests.

A set of criteria defined by the independent Acceptable Ads Committee that allows publishers to reach ad-blocking users with respectful, non-intrusive and relevant ads.

Trace Context

Defines standard HTTP headers and a value format for propagating context information that enables distributed tracing.

WebAssembly

A portable binary instruction format that runs in modern web browsers with near-native performance, enabling frontend coding in languages that were not traditionally used for web interfaces, such as C/C++, C#, and Rust.

Onion

Sites are websites that use the .onion top-level domain and are only accessible through Tor, a decentralized anonymity network that relays traffic to hide the IP addresses of both visitors and hosts.

Humans.txt

A plain text file that allows website creators to identify and credit the people involved in developing a website.

XRDS

An XML-based file format that provides a list of service endpoints (e.g., OpenID) available on a website.

LLMs.txt

A proposed standard that provides structured content and instructions to guide large language models in understanding and summarizing a website's content.

Prerender

A deprecated browser hint that instructed web browsers to preload and render a web page in the background before navigation occurred.

RelMeAuth

A proposed open standard for using rel-me links to profiles on OAuth supporting services to authenticate via either those profiles or your own site.

Rack

A minimal, modular interface and invocation convention that operates between Ruby web servers and web applications to standardize how HTTP requests and responses are exchanged.

OpenAPI

A specification language for defining HTTP APIs, typically written in YAML or JSON.

Webmention

A simple protocol to notify any URL when a website links to it, and for web pages to request notifications when somebody links to them.

XMP

An ISO standard for creating, processing, and exchanging metadata for digital documents.

OpenTelemetry

An open-source, vendor-neutral observability framework and toolkit for collecting, processing, and exporting telemetry data such as traces, metrics, and logs.

XSLT

A language designed for transforming XML documents into other documents.

A non-proprietary protocol for encrypting email using public key cryptography.

ActivityPub

A decentralized social networking protocol used by various Fediverse services such as Mastodon, Pixelfed, and PeerTube.

WCAG

The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines are an international standard developed by the W3C that defines how to make web content, including text and media, accessible to people with disabilities.